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Table 2 Adjusted Odds Ratios for CKDu Using Backward Stepwise Approach with Forced Inclusion of Primary Exposures of Interest – Pesticide Use and Alcohol Consumption

From: A pilot case-control study using a one health approach to evaluate behavioral, environmental, and occupational risk factors for chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in Sri Lanka

Factor

Odds Ratio

P-Value

95% Confidence Interval

Age*

1.12

< 0.01

(1.04, 1.21)

Sex: male

6.19

0.07

(0.73, 44.06)

Chew betel

3.57

0.08

(0.86, 14.84)

Pet dog*

4.41

0.03

(1.19, 16.27)

Pests in-home*

8.19

0.02

(1.45, 46.18)

Consume arrack

0.64

0.62

(0.11, 3.86)

Consume beer

1.15

0.88

(0.18, 7.34)

Consume kasippu

0.26

0.23

(0.03, 2.39)

Fungicide

1.45

0.57

(0.41, 5.17)

Herbicide

1.00

1.00

–

In-home pesticide

0.82

0.79

(0.34, 4.97)

Insecticide

1.00

1.00

–

  1. Note: Exposures of interest kept in model despite non-significant p-value
  2. *Significance attributed as p-value < 0.05